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Bunker services are the backbone of the maritime world and global trade. With safe and efficient fuel supply, continuity is ensured in all maritime processes, from logistics to passenger transport and tourism.
In this article, we'll explore the fundamental aspects of bunker services, walk through the supply process, and examine how technological advancements are transforming this critical industry. Read on to discover everything you need to know about modern marine fueling operations.
What is Bunker? The term "bunker" has different historical uses depending on the context. However, in maritime context, bunker refers to fuel used for ships. The origins of this term come from the same name given to the storage areas for coal during the era when coal-powered ships were common. Today, when we mention bunker, we generally think of ship fuels (such as marine diesel oil, heavy fuel oil, and liquid natural gas), also known as bunker types. The process of providing and supplying these fuels is called bunker services.
What is Bunker Fuel Used For? As mentioned above, the fuels used by ships are generally called bunker. Ships need energy not only for movement but also to perform all their functions such as navigation systems, heating/cooling, lighting, etc. In this context, bunker fuel ensures that all systems on board that require energy are functional, from the ship's movement to all the energy-dependent systems.
How Do Bunker Services Operate? The operation of bunker services is designed by considering variables such as the vessel's voyage plan, cargo status, and engine type. Therefore, we cannot say there is a standardized process; however, there is generally a similar workflow in every operation.
1- Demand and Planning The request for bunker services is typically planned before the voyage begins. By considering factors such as the intended route and the vessel's fuel consumption, it's possible to estimate when and where refueling might be needed, even if not precisely. However, to address emergencies or deviations from the plan, the ship's captain must continuously monitor the current fuel status, the planned route and the duration of the journey. When the need for refueling arises, a request is submitted to the relevant company after determining from where, what type, how much and at what price the bunker services will be purchased.
2- Supply and Delivery After determining the type, quantity and location of the fuel to be purchased, an order is placed with the fuel supplier. When selecting the fuel type, environmental requirements such as the use of low-sulfur fuel according to IMO (International Maritime Organization) regulations and standards set by relevant international organizations must be taken into consideration.
Prior to refueling, the bunker service company measures the fuel and verifies the amount of fuel on board as well as the tank capacity. The refueling process can be performed at a port station, via mobile tankers, or even at sea. The filling operation begins according to the chosen refueling method.
Connection between the fuel transfer vehicle/station and the vessel's fuel tank is established using leak-proof connection elements that comply with standards determined by authoritative organizations. After completing all checks, the refueling operation is carried out. Samples are taken during and after the fuel transfer and stored for use in case of any quality issues.
3- Control and Reporting Once the refueling is complete, the amount of fuel received is measured and a report is prepared with the supplier. During this process, properties such as the fuel's viscosity and sulfur content are tested and every step from the connection to the completion of the refueling is documented. This documentation is then presented to the port authorities and the responsible person on the vessel. Additionally, billing is processed during the reporting phase and payment is made according to the predetermined method. Once all these tasks are finished, the bunkering services are considered complete.
What Should a Ship Captain Focus on During Bunkering Operations? If you're a ship captain requiring bunkering services, the supplying company will assist you by handling various aspects of the process. Nevertheless, ship captains bear significant responsibilities during this operation.
Safety measures must be the captain's primary concern. Fuel transfer operations carry risks including fire hazards, spills, and air pollution. The captain must therefore verify that all necessary precautions are in place, fire prevention measures are established and the crew is thoroughly briefed on emergency procedures.
The captain verifies that the fuel quality is acceptable. Since low-quality fuels directly affect the engine's efficient operation, high-quality fuels should be preferred for effective fuel usage. Additionally, in accordance with the MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) regulations established by the IMO, care should be taken to use low-sulfur fuel.
Another duty of the captain is to ensure that the measurement instruments used during the refueling process are functioning correctly. Inaccurate measurements can lead to issues such as under-delivery of fuel or overpayment.
The refueling process for yachts is carried out are similarly to ship bunkering. Although the type or quantity of fuel for yacht refueling may vary, the process follows a similar approach in terms of demand, safety, reporting and inspections.
How Technological Advances Affect Bunker Services? In recent years, digitalization and automation have brought significant transformation to bunker services, much like in all other fields. Modern ships increasingly use fuel analysis and monitoring systems to track data such as fuel consumption, viscosity, density and engine performance in real-time. By utilizing these systems, potential issues can be identified in advance, leading to improved fuel efficiency and reduced costs.
At the same time, the use of alternative fuel types such as LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) and biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels is becoming more widespread day by day in accordance with environmental regulations. These fuels help minimize environmental damage due to their low emission values.
Technology is transforming the maritime industry by providing significant advantages not only in fuel consumption and onboard data collection but throughout the entire supply chain. Transparency in the supply processes of a product like fuel, which inherently carries risks and is of vital importance, is crucial. With data in the supply chain securely stored through automation and AI-based technologies, issues such as incorrect deliveries and quality problems can be minimized.
Bunker services are critical for all maritime transportation and tourism activities, from ensuring your cruise ship continues its journey without interruption to the delivery of goods you've purchased. In an era where global logistics has become so essential to the flow of life, bunker services play a vital role in maintaining the smooth operation of the world's supply chain.
As with all stages of the supply chain, it is essential to work with reliable and safety-focused companies for bunker services. You need to ensure that your partner company can provide customized solutions and deliver quality fuel right on time.
In this regard, Asmira Marine, operating under the Asmira Group umbrella, continues to be your trusted companion with over 45 years of experience. Proudly holding the title of the largest vessel and yacht fuel supplier in the Aegean Region, Asmira Marine provides safe 24/7 service with its specially equipped land and marine tanker fleet. For detailed information about Asmira Marine's bunker services and to learn more about Asmira Group and contact please visit our website: www.asmiragroup.com/en/